The proposed antenna was designed on a ceramic filled bioplastic sandwich substrate with a high dielectric constant. Concepts including the flare angle and aperture enable various parameters to be calculated very easily and this provides insight into the theory and operation of these horn antennas. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using. Mar 04, 2019 one of the most commonly used antennas are wire antennas. Design and simulation of rectangular microstrip antenna. This paper presents the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip antenna rmsa arrays for improved gain performance over the single element rectangular microstrip antenna. This paper presents that, the detail steps of designing and simulating the rectangular patch antenna and rectangular patch antenna array in kuband. Design equations for microstrip patch antenna design antenna. The length width w and length l of the patch at a resonant frequency of 2. They are the original type of microstrip antenna described by howell in 1972. Need vector description to represent each possible antenna. Antenna factor or correction factor is defined as the ratio of the incident electromagnetic field to the output voltage from the antenna and the output connector. In antenna design, it is common to select a topology and then lookup the design equations for that antenna.
Aug, 2008 another excellent directional gain antenna is the phased array, which is a group of dipoles or equivalent antennas patches, slot, etc. How can i improve the gain of a patch antenna and what is the. To tune the wire to be effective to transmit and receive electromagnetic. A patch antenna is a type of radio antenna with a low profile, which can be mounted on a flat surface. In this paper a simple microstrip patch antenna is designed in ads at a resonant frequency of 3. Low transmit output powerimpedance matching is achieved. This antenna does not take any much extra size and can be etched on the same mobile pcb itself. How can i improve the gain of a patch antenna and what is. The coordinate axis is taken at the center of the patch or substrate. Making the ground plane larger also increases the gain, but as the ground plane size. Apr 17, 2017 hfss tutorial 2microstrip patch antenna with a cutting slot coaxial feed how to cut slot in patch duration. This paper, introduces designing and an analysis of circular micro strip patch antenna with. The final antenna structures of both patch antennas are determined by inputting the data obtained from empirical equations. Antenna radiation pattern is measured in patch hplane yzplane in fig.
The gain is quoted in this manner is denoted as dbi. Singleelement antenna design the singleelement patch antenna is the basic building block needed to implement a multipleelement phasedarray microstrip antenna. Microstrip antenna an overview sciencedirect topics. Microstrip patch antenna array design to improve better. The results obtain that microstrip patch antenna can be used as client antenna in computer and workable antenna for wireless fidelity. First, the length of the patch l controls the resonant frequency as seen here.
The patch antenna is a good place to start for antenna fundamentals with more coming. Gain enhancement of a microstrip patch antenna using a. Analysis and design of circular microstrip patch antenna at 5. The distance between the patch and the ground plane the substrate or dielectric height h determines the bandwidth. Alternate feed methods a common variation in patch antenna design is the location and routing of the feed, to obtain a desired feedpoint impedance, to. Microstrip patch antenna calculator patch antenna formula. Micro strip patch antenna, radiation pattern, ansoft hfss high.
Also the return loss of pentagonal patch is comparable with elliptical patch. Thus the microstrip patch radiation intensity depends on what direction you are facing it from it has gain and directivity. P, india abstract here we made an attempt to maximize the gain of microstrip patch antenna. Jul 21, 2017 in this video standard design equations that are used to design microstrip patch antenna are expained you can download the software from the below link of my drive. The major problems of the single element microstrip antennas are low gain and narrow bandwidth which limit their wide applications. The fundamentals of patch antenna design and performance. Conclusion in our propose antenna mutual coupling is reduced. This work is mainly focused on increasing the gain as well as reducing the size of the. The above equation says that the microstrip antenna should have a length equal to one half of a. Following equations or formula are used for this microstrip patch antenna calculator. Also bandwidth is improved as it can be seen from the practical results orthogonal diversity has been achieved. A variant of the patch antenna commonly used in mobile phones is the shorted patch antenna, or planar invertedf antenna pifa. As can be seen, a broad minimum of the crosspolarization pattern is attained at. Following formulaequations are used in the bowtie antenna calculator.
To improve gain of patch antenna, 1 antenna vswr should be near to unity 2 substrate material must have lowest loss. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length l and width w of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. The dipole antenna was the first type of antenna to be ever used and the simplest one to study and understand, it is a strait wire fed from the centre. May 30, 2017 circuit equivalent equations of patch antenna. The design equations needed to construct a patch antenna were derived from a research paper titled design and performance analysis of microstrip array antennas. As such, this page gives a general idea of how the parameters affect performance, in order to understand the design process. The elliptic al model has about one db difference from the i deal calculation, but will yield the same real antenna gain whe n appropriate efficiencies are assumed. Multiple patch antennas on the same substrate see image called microstrip antennas, can be used to make high gain array antennas, and phased arrays in which the beam can be electronically steered. This polarization can be either vertical or horizontal depending on the orientation of the patch. A thicker substrate increases the gain to some extent, but may lead to undesired effects.
Microstrip patch antennas or simply patch antenna are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board. The antenna radiation reflected lesser in antenna with fss layer by 7. The direction of the maximum gain of the antenna is above the patch ie, in the direction of theta, while minor lobes are on the opposite side. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. Sshape wideband microstrip patch antenna with enhanced. A low profile, unidirectional, dual layer, and narrow bandwidth microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2. This tool is designed to calculate the correct dimensions of a microstrip patch antenna if the operating frequency and the dielectric constant of the material used, is known. Design simulation and fabrication of microstrip patch antenna. The parabolic reflector antenna gain is calculated as the gain over an isotropic source, i. The proposed antenna is suitable for specific applications, such as security and military systems, which require a narrow bandwidth and a small antenna size.
Antenna factor or correction factor is defined as the ratio of the incident electromagnetic field to the output voltage from the antenna and the output connector gain dbi the ratio of the signal received or transmitted by a given antenna as compared to an isotropic or dipole antenna. They can be found in vehicles automobiles, ships, aircrafts, buildings etc. This work is mainly focused on increasing the gain as well as reducing the size of the unidirectional patch. Microstrip patch antenna design for bandwidth enha youtube. This formula includes a first order correction for the edge extension due to the fringing fields, with. The antenna is operating in lte band ii having frequencies of 1850 mhz1910 mhz which is uplink frequency. If the dielectric constant of the material is not known, you can choose to put in the velocity of. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2. The center frequency will be approximately given by.
The up per plot of figure 4 shows the gai n for an ideal antenna pattern using the elliptical model. Many approaches were used to enhance the antenna gain, for more information refer to this paper design and optimization of rectangular microstrip patch array antenna using frequency selective. The performance of the single microstrip patch antenna in terms of low gain is improved in this paper by implementation of single patch antenna in array configurations. Hi all, i am new herei have some questions and i hope i can get some answers here. Deschamps in 1953, but didnt become practical until the 1970s when it was developed further by researchers such as robert e. The measured gain of the antenna is around 5 dbi at. One familiar application of this type of patch antenna is the rectangular antenna usually in a plastic housing used widely in 2. Another excellent directional gain antenna is the phased array, which is a group of dipoles or equivalent antennas patches, slot, etc. Gain of an isotr opic antenna radiating in a uniform spherical pattern is one 0 db. It also has a wide angle of beam in its radiation pattern. It was invented to allow convenient integration of an antenna and other driving circuitry of a communication system on a common printedcircuit board or a semiconductor chip carver and mink, 1981. This study uses the calculation of correlation between the various antenna. Antenna gain can only be achieved by making an antenna directional, that is, with better.
Design simulation and fabrication of microstrip patch antenna 349 the proposed antenna is designed in lte band ii for 4g mimo communication. Figure 2 the figure3 shows the 2d view radiation pattern of the antenna. This formula includes a first order correction for the edge extension due to the fringing. An antenna radiation pattern or antenna pattern is defined as a mathematical function or a graphical representation of the radiation properties of the antenna as a function of space coordinates. A transmit antenna needs a receiving antenna with the same polarization for optimum operation. Need software tool to compute that metric for wire antennas. Substrate,microstrip patch antenna, ground plane, air box and virtual radiation box. Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna arrays. The main objective of this paper is to optimize the base design to obtain higher bandwidth. Microstrip patch antenna array design to improve better gains. All of the parameters in a rectangular patch antenna design l, w, h, permittivity control the properties of the antenna. For many practical designs, the advantages of microstrip antennas far compensate their disadvantages 2. Quick example patch antenna rogers rtduroid 5880 chosen. Gain and directivity enhancement of rectangular microstrip patch.
It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or patch of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. Metrics and vector descriptions favoring simplicity bias the design accordingly. A microstrip patch antenna is one of the most popular microwave antennas. Simulation results the design of conventional and our proposed circular microstrip patch antennas is carried out with simulation soft cst microwave studio.
This rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed for wireless communication application that works at 2. If the ratio lw is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable input impedance. Analysis and design of ism band patch antenna array. Microstrip patch antennas have become the favorite of antenna designers because of its versatility and advantages of planar profile, ease of fabrication, compatibility with integrated circuit technology, and conformability with a shaped. The design procedure started with the design of a single. Design simulation and fabrication of microstrip patch antenna 353 figure7. Click here to go to our page on circular patch antennas new for september 2018. Microstrip patch antenna calculator electrical engineering. This article introduces some of the basic concepts of patch antennas. The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave. The frequency of operation of the patch antenna of figure 1 is determined by the length l. The above equation says that the microstrip antenna should have a length equal to one half of a wavelength within the dielectric substrate medium. In the succeeding subsections, the design of 2 and 4 patch elements configured as one dimensional 2x1 and 4x1 parallel feed structures were used in the design of the.
This is a theoretical source that is used as the benchmark against which most antennas are compared. Hence the best results are obtained with pentagonal microstrip patch antenna. Parabolic dish calculator horn antenna calculator dipole antenna calculator patch antenna calculator antenna near field calculator antenna gain calculator antenna gt ratio calculator. Simulated and measured copolarization radiation pattern in hplane are shown in fig. Shows the geometry of the proposed equal slitted square shape micro strip patch antenna the equally edge slitted square patch antenna simulation results are as follows. Microstrip patch antenna is used in mobile handset due to simple look, lower cost, small size and light in weight. Perhaps the simplest of all antennas is the short dipole antenna.
In this video standard design equations that are used to design microstrip patch antenna are expained you can download the software from the below link of my drive. By using these equations together, dimensions of the patch antenna can be. The microstrip antenna is a relatively modern invention. Wire antennas come in different shapes and sizes like straight wire dipole, loop and helix. Microstrip antennas have high q q 100 is common, which means that they have small bandwidths. Thanks a lot how do i calculate the gain of a microstrip patch and array antenna.
Microstrip patch antenna design santa clara university. This bowtie antenna calculator is useful to design the bowtie antenna. The design specifications for the antenna are given as below. However, research is still ongoing today to conquer some of these disadvantages. Gain full theoretical control of the antenna change bandwidth, f r, e fielddirectivity at will. The patch antenna is a good place to start for antenna fundamentals.
In this work, the simulation tool of ie3d is used to study the performance and gain of the rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Gain dbi the ratio of the signal received or transmitted by a given antenna as compared to an isotropic or dipole antenna. Proposed antenna parameters patch wp mm lp mm tpmm material optimized. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective.
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